What are some possible explanations for the patterns of vertical zonation seen in rocky intertidal habitats?, assignment help

PLEASE ANSWER EACH QUESTION WITH 3-4 sentences using proper citations and sources.

What are some possible explanations for the patterns of vertical zonation seen in rocky intertidal habitats? In your answer, include some of the adaptations important to a successful intertidal species. What roles do keystone species play?

One of the most important resources on a coral reef is space. Discuss the interspecific and intraspecific relationships that have resulted from this competition for living space. In your response, include information about competition and about mutualism.

How do storms, diseases, and predators affect coral reef communities? What are the similarities and differences in their effects?

What could be the adaptive significance of alternating gametophyte and sporophyte generations in algal life histories? Elaborate and compare to animal life histories that include larval forms.