Assignment: Philosophy of Nursing

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Assignment: Philosophy of Nursing

What is your philosophy when it comes to nursing? Which aspects of your philosophy do you think reflect the philosophical influences that have shaped the profession and are likely shared by other nurses? Which aspects of your philosophy reflect your personal values, beliefs, experiences, and unique perspective? How is your philosophy demonstrated through your practice?

This Assignment provides an opportunity for you to examine your philosophy of nursing within the context of the information presented this week.

To prepare:

  • Review the information presented in the Learning Resources with your own philosophy of nursing in mind. Focus on any new insights you gained from the readings and how they influence your philosophy.
  • Reflect on how philosophy influences scientific approaches or knowledge development in nursing.
  • Examine how positivism and post-positivism have influenced approaches to nursing science (including research methods) and nursing practice. Conduct additional research as necessary using credible websites and the Walden library.

By Thursday 06/08/17, write a 6- to 7-page APA paper with a minimum of 5 references from the list of required readings below that include the level one headings as numbered below:

1)       Introduction (must end with a purpose statement e.g. “the purpose of this paper is…”)

2)       Articulates your philosophy of nursing identifying the philosophical influences and summarizing how this week’s readings influenced your views/beliefs.

3)       Explains how nursing’s philosophical foundations influence your nursing practice and provides at least two specific examples.

4)       Answers the question: What is the relationship between philosophy and knowledge development? How is this evidenced in your nursing philosophy or practice?

5)       Outlines how positivism and post-positivism influences approaches to nursing science (including research methods) and nursing practice as well as your own personal philosophy.

6)       Conclusion (Summary of the paper)

Your written assignments must follow APA guidelines. Be sure to support your work with specific citations from appropriate Learning Resources and additional scholarly sources as appropriate. Refer to the Publication Manual of the American Psychological Association to ensure that your in-text citations and reference list are correct.

Required Readings

McEwin, M., & Wills, E.M. (2014). Theoretical basis for nursing. (4th ed.). Philadelphia, PA: Wolters Kluwer Health.

Chapter 1, “Philosophy, Science, and Nursing”

Chapter 1 introduces the scientific and philosophical foundations of nursing and how these contribute to knowledge development within the discipline of nursing.

Gray, J.R., Grove, S.K., & Sutherland, S. (2017). Burns and Grove’s the practice of nursing research: Appraisal, synthesis, and generation of evidence (8th ed.). St. Louis, MO: Saunders Elsevier.

Chapter 1, “Discovering the World of Nursing Research”

Chapter 1 introduces nursing research and discusses how science, theory, and philosophy all influence research.

Chapter 2, “Evolution of Research in Building Evidence-Based Nursing Practice”

Chapter 2 reviews the history of nursing research beginning with the work of Florence Nightingale and examines the influence of nursing research today on evidence-based practice.

Moran, K., Burson, R., & Conrad, D. (2017). The doctor of nursing practice scholarly project: A framework for success (2nd ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.

Chapter 1, “Setting the Stage for the Doctor of Nursing Practice Scholarly Project”

Chapter 5, “The phenomenon of Interest”

Chapter 6, “Developing the Scholarly Project”

Isaacs, S., Ploeg, J., & Tompkins C. (2009). How can Rorty help nursing science in the development of a philosophical ‘foundation’? Nursing Philosophy, 10(2), 81-90. doi:10.1111/j.1466-769X.2008.00364.x

Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

This article discusses the application of the Richard Rorty’s pragmatic philosophy to nursing practices and research.

Kinsella, E. A. (2010). Professional knowledge and the epistemology of reflective practice. Nursing Philosophy, 11(1), 3-14. doi:10.1111/j.1466-769X.2009.00428.x

Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

This article examines the philosophical underpinnings and epistemological assumptions of reflective practice in an effort to advance understanding for application in professional healthcare settings.

Mackay, M. (2009). Why nursing has not embraced the clinician-scientist role. Nursing Philosophy, 10(4), 287-296. doi:10.1111/j.1466-769X.2009.00416.x

Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

In this article, the role of the clinician-scientist and importance of clinical research for nursing is examined.

Persson, J. (2010). Misconceptions of positivism and five unnecessary science theoretic mistakes they bring in their train. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 47(5), 651-661. doi:10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2009.12.009

Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

This article discusses misconceptions of positivism and the implications of these misconceptions for nursing researchers.

Pesut, B., & Johnson, J. (2008). Reinstating the ‘Queen’: Understanding philosophical inquiry in nursing. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 61(1), 115-121. doi: 10.1111/j.1365 -2648.2007.04493.x

Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

This article provides an analysis of the use of philosophical inquiry within nursing research. The article identifies characteristics of philosophical inquiry as well as common tools used in this methodology.

Porter, S. (2001). Nightingale’s realist philosophy of science. Nursing Philosophy, 2(1), 14-25. doi:10.1046/j.1466-769X.2001.00029.x

Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

In this article, Florence Nightingale’s realist philosophy of science is compared to today’s dominant philosophy of positivism.

Optional Resources

Connor, M.J. (2004). The practical discourse in philosophy and nursing: An exploration of linkages and shifts in the evolution of praxis. Nursing Philosophy, 5(1), 54-66. doi:10.1111/j.1466-769X.2004.00159.x

Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Chou, M., & Lee, L. (2007). Initial formation of nursing philosophies following fundamental clinical practice: The experience of male nursing students. Journal of Nursing Research, 15(2), 127-137.

Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Effken, J. (2007). The informational basis for nursing intuition: Philosophical underpinnings. Nursing Philosophy, 8(3), 187-200.

Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Mantzoukas, S., & Jasper, M. (2008). Types of nursing knowledge used to guide care of hospitalized patients. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 62(3), 318-326. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04587.x

Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Mills, J., Chapman, Y., Bonner, A., & Francis, K. (2007). Grounded theory: A methodological spiral from positivism to postmodernism. Journal of Advanced Nursing, 58(1), 72-79. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-2648.2007.04228.x

Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

Persson, J., & Sahlin, N. (2008). A philosophical account of interventions and causal representation in nursing research. International Journal of Nursing Studies, 46(4), 547-556. doi: 10.1016/j.ijnurstu.2008.11.008

Note: You will access this article from the Walden Library databases.

A hospital is looking to implement an EHR. It has been suggested that an INS be hired. This position does not involve direct patient care and the administration is struggling with how to justify the position. How can this position be justified?

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Informatics And Nursing 4

A hospital is looking to implement an EHR. It has been suggested that an INS be hired. This position does not involve direct patient care and the administration is struggling with how to justify the position. How can this position be justified?

Using reference:

McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. (2015). Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge (3rd ed.).  Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett. (ISBN 978-1-284-04351-8)

>300 words, will be check for plagiarism by Turniton

HERE IS THE RESOURCES GIVEN:

Course Title:  B404 Nursing Informatics

What are the frequency and percentage of the COPD patients in the severe airflow limitation group who are employed in the Eckerblad et al. (2014) study?

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  1. What are the frequency and percentage of the COPD patients in the severe airflow limitation group who are employed in the Eckerblad et al. (2014) study?

  2. What percentage of the total sample is retired? What percentage of the total sample is on sick leave?

  3. What is the total sample size of this study? What frequency and percentage of the total sample were still employed? Show your calculations and round your answer to the nearest whole percent.

  4. What is the total percentage of the sample with a smoking history—either still smoking or former smokers? Is the smoking history for study participants clinically important? Provide a rationale for your answer.

  5. What are pack years of smoking? Is there a signifi cant difference between the moderate and severe airfl ow limitation groups regarding pack years of smoking? Provide a rationale for your answer.

  6. What were the four most common psychological symptoms reported by this sample of patients with COPD? What percentage of these subjects experienced these symptoms? Was there a sig-nifi cant difference between the moderate and severe airfl ow limitation groups for psychological symptoms?

  7. What frequency and percentage of the total sample used short-acting β 2 -agonists? Show your calculations and round to the nearest whole percent.

  8. Is there a signifi cant difference between the moderate and severe airfl ow limitation groups regarding the use of short-acting β 2 -agonists? Provide a rationale for your answer.

  9. Was the percentage of COPD patients with moderate and severe airfl ow limitation using short-acting β 2 -agonists what you expected? Provide a rationale with documentation for your answer.

  10. Are these fi ndings ready for use in practice? Provide a rationale for your answer.

Overview of Grand Nursing Theories –  After studying and analyzing the approved theory, write about this theory, including an overview of the theory and specific examples of how it could be applied in your own clinical setting

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INSTRUCTIONS

The purpose of this assignment is to draft and submit a comprehensive and complete rough draft of your Nursing Theory Comparison paper in APA format. Your rough draft should include all of the research paper elements of a final draft, which are listed below. This will give you an opportunity for feedback from your instructor before you submit your final draft during week 7.

Based on the reading assignment (McEwen & Wills, Theoretical Basis for Nursing, Unit II: Nursing Theories, chapters 6–9), select a grand nursing theory.

·       After studying and analyzing the approved theory, write about this theory, including an overview of the theory and specific examples of how it could be applied in your own clinical setting.

Based on the reading assignment (McEwen & Wills, Theoretical Basis for Nursing, Unit II: Nursing Theories, chapters 10 and 11), select a middle-range theory.

·       After studying and analyzing the approved theory, write about this theory, including an overview of the theory and specific examples of how it could be applied in your own clinical setting.

The following should be included:

1.     An introduction, including an overview of both selected nursing theories

2.     Background of the theories

3.     Philosophical underpinnings of the theories

4.     Major assumptions, concepts, and relationships

5.     Clinical applications/usefulness/value to extending nursing science testability

6.     Comparison of the use of both theories in nursing practice

7.     Specific examples of how both theories could be applied in your specific clinical setting

8.     Parsimony

9.     Conclusion/summary

10.   References: Use the course text and a minimum of three additional sources, listed in APA format

The paper should be 8–10 pages long and based on instructor-approved theories. It should be typed in Times New Roman with 12-point font, and double-spaced with 1″ margins. APA format must be used, including a properly formatted cover page, in-text citations, and a reference list. The proper use of headings in APA format is also required.

From your practice standpoint, what have you read this week in your text or in the lesson that offered a new view or appreciation for standardized terminology?

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Uses Of Standardized Nursing Terminology

From your practice standpoint, what have you read this week in your text or in the lesson that offered a new view or appreciation for standardized terminology? Be specific.

Benefits and Challenges of Standardized Terminology

Define risk management, the components of a risk management program, and how the risk management process can reduce organizational risk. Examine the roles and responsibilities of a risk manager as well as those of the clinical delivery team, including physicians.

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Risk Management

Define risk management, the components of a risk management program, and how the risk management process can reduce organizational risk. Examine the roles and responsibilities of a risk manager as well as those of the clinical delivery team, including physicians.  Recognize the regulatory requirements and standards associated with federal mandates, including HIPAA, and accreditation. Examine risk management methodologies, strategies, and tools. Recognize the financial and risk correlation for organizational profit and loss.

Discussion:-4 Current Information and Communication Technologies

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Discussion:-4

Current Information and Communication Technologies

With so much attention focused on health care reform, it is important that nurses be given the opportunity to use high-quality technology tools. These tools can increase access to vital medical information, promote effective communication among health care professionals, and improve the patient experience. By actively seeking out and adopting these tools, nurses can greatly enhance the quality and safety of care that they provide.

This Discussion focuses on identifying quality technology tools that increase the ability of nurses to provide safe, effective care.

To prepare:

Review the various technology tools described in this week’s Learning Resources.

Identify a recently adopted information, education, or communication technology tool in your specialty area. Reflect on how it is used and how its use impacts the quality of care.

Consider how your identified technology tool might impact nursing practice if it were more widely used. What are some barriers preventing increased usage? How could wider implementation be facilitated?

Please Provide References

Learning Objectives

Students will:

Evaluate the effectiveness of a technology tool in your specialty area

Appraise the barriers and facilitators of implementing an information technology tool in your specialty area

Learning Resources

Required Readings

American Nurses Association. (2015). Nursing informatics: Scope & standards of practice (2nd ed.). Silver Springs, MD: Author.

“The Future of Nursing Informatics”

McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. G. (2015). Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge (3rd ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning.

Chapter 12, “The Human-Technology Interface”

This chapter describes the human-technology interface and explores some of the problems that result from its usage. The author also reflects on methods for improving the interface.

Chapter 19, “Telenursing and Remote Access Telehealth”

This chapter explores the usage of telehealth in nursing practice. The authors examine the role of telehealth, along with potential issues that may arise in its usage.

Brewer, E. P. (2011). Successful techniques for using human patient simulation in nursing education. Journal of Nursing Scholarship, 43(3), 311–317.

This article identifies studies that have used human simulation as an effective instructional tool in nursing education. The article describes different strategies for incorporating human simulation into nursing education, and it also offers insight on improvements that could be made to current practices.

Guarascio-Howard, L. (2011). Examination of wireless technology to improve nurse communication, response time to bed alarms, and patient safety. Herd, 4(2), 109–120.

The author explains the results of a study on the outcomes of using wireless communication devices to improve patient safety by allowing nurses to communicate more quickly and easily with other nurses. The results indicate that this technology can increase the value of team nursing, improve response time, and increase patient safety, although there are some drawbacks and challenges associated with the devices.

Simpson, R. L. (2012). Technology enables value-based nursing care. Nursing Administration Quarterly, 36(1), 85–87.

This article describes how technology can be used to address problems in the U.S. health care system, such as lack of consistency and lack of effective treatment. The article explains the use of value-based care initiatives and outlines how nurses can use these initiatives to improve outcomes in treatment and research.

Vinson, M. H., McCallum, R., Thornlow, D. K., & Champagne, M. T. (2011). Design, implementation, and evaluation of population-specific telehealth nursing services. Nursing Economic$, 29(5), 265–272, 277.

Telehealth is defined as health services that integrate electronic information and telecommunications to improve health care access, outcomes, and costs. This article describes how a telehealth implementation project was designed, enacted, and evaluated, and it analyzes the results of that project.

Required Media

Laureate Education (Producer). (2012c). Health care technologies. Baltimore, MD: Author.

This video features Katie Skelton, Doris Fischer, Carina Perez, Shannon Mori, Carmen Ferrell, and Lynn Tamanaha as they discuss current technologies and innovations in health care. They also describe a specific bed management-system that has improved their hospitals’ efficiency.

Should the president of Caritas Christi Health Care be fired? Why?

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Sexual Harassment Cases Are Becoming More Complex

A lthough most companies have detailed policies against sexual harassment, employers often find themselves in a difficult pinch when it comes to defining, proving, and disciplining sexual harassment in the workplace. Thus, companies deal with complaints in vastly different ways. For example, retaliation against workers who complain about sexual harassment is an issue that had better be addressed since the Supreme Court has stepped up its concern. “There are obviously laws against harassment, but defining exactly what that is is hard, and so is applying those laws to a particular set of facts and deciding what a company does about it,” said Ron Peppe, a vice president of the Association of Corporate Counsel in Washington, DC, an umbrella group for lawyers who work for in-house legal departments. “So it’s a gray area sometimes, because there are no hard-and-fast rules.” Indeed, the sexual harassment policy at Caritas Christi Health Care, which has received reports from at least 10 women that its president allegedly sexually harassed them, appears straightforward. Its definition of harassment includes “sexually charged looks and gestures” and “unnecessary touching of an individual,” such as hugging, both of which are complaints made about Haddad. Its “progressive discipline policy” includes written warnings, suspensions, and termination. Despite the explicit enumeration of acts that would be considered harassment, the alleged harasser disputed that his behavior was sexual harassment, describing the gestures instead as innocent reflections of the culture in which he was raised. “Sexual harassment is such a messy area,” said Jay Shepherd, a Boston lawyer who specializes in employment law and teaches sexual harassment training courses for employers.

“In many ways, it’s one of the most difficult areas of employment law because it’s always ‘he said, she said’ or ‘he said, he said.’ ” Handling sexual harassment cases is complicated because they must be evaluated on a case-by-case basis, Shepherd and other employment lawyers said. Harassment complaints are often highly fact-specific and subjective and typically turn on the credibility of the accused and the accuser, since there are frequently few, if any, witnesses. In addition, perceptions of what is welcome or unwelcome behavior can change with time, particularly in cases in which workplace romances have soured. For that reason, some companies prohibit romantic relationships between co-workers, especially supervisors and subordinates, and consider failures to disclose even consensual relationships a firing offense. A company’s internal culture can also be a factor, leading some employers to have different levels of tolerance for different types of behavior. “What is culturally deemed acceptable varies by company,” said Julie L. Burke, a director in the employer’s resource group for Associated Industries of Massachusetts, the state’s largest business lobby. “So an all-male environment might be different than a male–female environment, or a white-collar environment might be different than a blue-collar environment.” How an employer chooses to handle a complaint can depend on the severity of the conduct, the number of complaints, and whether there have been prior allegations involving the same person. When determining appropriate penalties, employers often consider the circumstances of the accused person’s career, such as whether he or she was hired recently or is a longtime employee and whether his or her performance has otherwise been exemplary. Employment lawyers advise employers to be consistent in their discipline, since companies can land in hot water when they treat some accused employees, such as top salespeople, differently than others.

  1. Should the president of Caritas Christi Health Care be fired? Why?

  2. Why is the handling of sexual harassment cases considered complicated?

  3. Explain in your own words why consistency in handling sexual harassment claims is important.

DISCUSSION-3 Standardized Coding Systems

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DISCUSSION-3

Standardized Coding Systems

As a result of the fragmented nature of the health care system, professionals in various specialty areas of medicine have developed their own unique sets of terminology to communicate within that specialty. In the past, limited attention has been given to codifying practices in order for them to be understood and utilized across disciplines or through different information technology systems. The implementation of a federally mandated electronic medical records system, therefore, poses a challenge to nursing professionals and others who must be prepared to utilize standardized codes for the new system. Why are coding standards important for promoting consistent, high-quality care?

According to Rutherford (2008, para. 15), “Improved communication with other nurses, health care professionals, and administrators of the institution in which nurses work is a key benefit of using a standardized nursing language.” In this Discussion you consider the reasoning behind and the value of standardized codification.

To prepare

Review the information in Nursing Informatics: Scope and Standards of Practice. Determine which set of terminologies are appropriate for your specialty or area of expertise.

Reflect on the importance of continuity in terminology and coding systems.

In the article, “Standardized Nursing Language: What Does It Mean for Nursing Practice?” the author recounts a visit to a local hospital to view its implementation of a new coding system. One of the nurses commented to her, “We document our care using standardized nursing languages but we don’t fully understand why we do” (Rutherford, 2008, para. 1). Consider how you would inform this nurse (and others like her) of the importance of standardized nursing terminologies.

Reflect on the value of using a standard language in nursing practice. Consider if standardization can be limited to a specialty area or if one standard language is needed across all nursing practice. Then, identify examples of standardization in your own specialty or area of expertise. Conduct additional research using the Walden Library that supports your thoughts on standardization of nursing terminology.

Please Provide References

Learning Resources

Required Readings

American Nurses Association. (2015). Nursing informatics: Scope & standards of practice (2nd ed.). Silver Springs, MD: Author.

“Metastructures, Concepts, and Tools of Nursing Informatics”

This chapter explores the connections between data, information, knowledge, and wisdom and how they work together in nursing informatics. It also covers the influence that concepts and tools have on the field of nursing.

McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. G. (2015). Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge (3rd ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones and Bartlett Learning.

Chapter 6, “Overview of Nursing Informatics”

This chapter defines the foundations of nursing informatics (NI). The authors specify the disciplines that are integrated to form nursing informatics, along with major NI concepts.

Brokel, J. (2010). Moving forward with NANDA-I nursing diagnoses with Health Information Technology for Economic and Clinical Health (HITECH) Act Legislation: News updates. International Journal of Nursing Terminologies & Classifications, 21(4), 182–185.

In this news brief, the author describes the initiatives that NANDA-I will implement to remain abreast of the HITECH legislation of 2009. The author explains two recommendations for the federal government’s role in managing vocabularies, value sets, and code sets throughout the health care system.

Matney, S., Brewster, P. J., Sward, K. A., Cloyes, K. G., & Staggers, N. (2011). Philosophical approaches to the nursing informatics data-information-knowledge-wisdom framework. Advances in Nursing Science, 34(1), 6–18.

This article proposes a philosophical foundation for nursing informatics in which data, information, and knowledge can be synthesized by computer systems to support wisdom development. The authors describe how wisdom can add value to nursing informatics and to the nursing profession as a whole.

Rutherford, M. A. (2008). Standardized nursing language: What does it mean for nursing practice? OJIN: The Online Journal of Issues in Nursing, 13(1). Retrieved from http://www.nursingworld.org/MainMenuCategories/ANAMarketplace/ANAPeriodicals/OJIN/TableofContents/vol132008/No1Jan08/ArticlePreviousTopic/StandardizedNursingLanguage.html

The author of this article provides justification for the use of a standardized nursing language, which will be necessary for incorporating electronic documentation into the health care field. The author defines standardized language in nursing, describes how such a language can be applied in a practice setting, and discusses the benefits of using a standardized language.

Westra, B. L., Subramanian, A., Hart, C. M., Matney, S. A., Wilson, P. S., Huff, S. M., … Delaney, C. W. (2010). Achieving “meaningful use” of electronic health records through the integration of the Nursing Management Minimum Data Set. The Journal of Nursing Administration, 40(7–8), 336–343.

This article explains the nursing management minimum data set (NMMDS), which is a research-based minimum set of standard data for nursing management and administration. The article describes how the NMMDS can be used to minimize the burden on health care administrators and increase the value of electronic health records within the health care system.

Required Media

Laureate Education (Producer). (2012a). Data, information, knowledge, and wisdom continuum. Baltimore, MD: Author.

McGonigle, D., & Mastrian, K. G. (2012). Nursing informatics and the foundation of knowledge (2nd ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning. (p. 98, Chapter 6, Figure 6)

The continuum of data, information, knowledge, and wisdom is used in the health care field to describe discrete levels of understanding related to patient care and decision making. This video provides an overview of the continuum from data to wisdom.

Optional Resources

Truran, D., Saad, P., Zhang, M., & Innes, K. (2010). SNOMED CT and its place in health information management practice. Health Information Management Journal, 39(2), 37–39.

Brown, B. (2011). ICD-10-CM: What is it, and why are we switching? Journal of Health Care Compliance, 13(3), 51–79.

How does change impact motivation of employees?

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As health care manager, your facility will soon be implementing an electronic health record (EHR). Some employees feel that they are not technologically gifted. Some employees feel the computer will soon cause them to be laid off. Employees are discussing this implementation and passing rumors about whether the implementation will actually improve the medical record. Discuss the following in your paper:

How does change impact motivation of employees?

Discuss how you would communicate with these employees and what you will tell them about the EHR implementation.

Discuss how employers will explain about the training that will be offered to all employees and how employee job skills will change with the implementation.