Biomolecular Structure and Function, biology homework help

Notes: Although there is a minimum word count of 2,000 words for this exam, you will find that it is likely going to require more than the minimum to fully answer the question. You may not copy or quote from any source. All information must be re-written in your own words. Answer all questions.

Question 1. Biomolecular Structure and Function:

Describe the structure and function of biological molecules and their conversion through the sequence of reactions in metabolic pathways. Include in your answer:

a. the structure and function of functional groups and the small biological molecules defined by them (amino acids, sugars, lipids and nucleotides) b. the role of enzymes and a description of their action

c. the diversity and functions of polymers derived from linking together small molecules

Question 2. Mendelian and Population Genetics

Describe Mendel’s theory of inheritance (1865) and the Hardy-Weinberg principle (1908) applied to changing gene frequencies in populations. Include in your essay:

a. a definition of each of the following terms: genotype and phenotype; dominant, recessive, and co-dominant; homozygous and heterozygous b. a description of Mendel’s experiments

c. the supporting evidence Mendel presented for the principles of (1) segregation and (2) recombination

d. a discussion of population genetics theory as described by Hardy and Weinberg and the differences between “Mendelian genetics” and “population genetics”

e. the “forces of evolution” defined by the Hardy-Weinberg principle


Question 3. The Central Dogma

Describe the molecular nature of DNA, genes, and the role genes play in the determination of the variety of individuals. Include in your answer: a. a summary of the “central dogma” and a description of the relationships between DNA, RNA and protein

b. a description of the experiments of Griffith and of Avery, McCarty and MacLeod that proved DNA was the genetic material and the experiments of Beadle and Tatum that supported the one gene – one enzyme hypothesis

c. a description of the various kinds of mutations that increase variety of nucleotide and gene sequences and chromosome structure

d. a description of how genes are “mapped” to specific locations on chromosomes


Question 4. Tissue Trauma and Wound Healing

Describe the sequence of events following tissue trauma that lead to the initial stages of wound healing. Include in your answer:

a. the mechanisms by which cells signal and recognize other cells and adhere to them

b. the events that create inflammation

c. the sequence of structures involved in the production of proteins and their secretion or incorporation into cell membranes (the processes involved in membrane trafficking)



Immediately following the essay, two lines below the last line of your essay, list all sources used in writing your essay to answer the question. Do not use in-text citations and do not use footnotes. Simply list your sources in this “References” section. You must have a References section with at least five references which you have used in preparing your answers: the course website, the textbook, and at least three additional sources. If you do not include a References section, you will lose 10 points (2 points for each missing source). Be sure to include the References section with your submission to Turnitin. If you forget, you are able to re-submit until the deadline, but not after.

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